Effect of a topical silicone gel and a polyurethane dressing on the evolution of scars.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a topical silicone gel (BE + Gel reductor y reparador de cicatrices) and a polyurethane dressing (BE + Apósito reductor y reparador de cicatrices) on the evolution of scars of patients who were previously recruited in the emergency care unit while seeking wound care. METHOD: A single center, stratified observational, open label study was performed in the emergency care unit of Donostia Universitary Hospital (recruitment) and in the Biodonostia Health Research Institute (intervention). Scars located in unexposed body areas with the dressing, and scars located in exposed areas with either the gel or the dressing. Investigators assessed interventions at day 1 and on weeks 4, 8 and 12. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and a photographical assessment were used to determine the scars evolution, and the subjective perception of the scar was evaluated by means of a questionnaire administered to the patients. RESULTS: Patients whose scars were treated with the silicone gel had an average initial VSS score of 5.4 ± 2.08. This value was reduced to 0.86 ± 1.17 after 90 days of treatment. Patients treated with the polyurethane dressing had an average initial VSS score of 5.8 ± 2.29. After 90 days of treatment, this average score was reduced to 0.33 ± 0.66. Positive evolution of scars was also supported by photographs and by a patient questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments appear to be safe and effective, objectively, and subjectively, in the context of scar evolution.

Inhibition of Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Keloid Fibroblasts By miR-183-5p Through Downregulating EGR1 / Inhibición de la Proliferación, Migración e Invasión de Fibroblastos Queloides por miR-183-5p Mediante la Regulación Negativa de EGR1

SUMMARY: Keloid scar is a unique benign fibroproliferative tumor of the human skin. Previously, it was reported that early growth response 1 (EGR1), a transcription factor, promotes keloid fibrosis; however, the mechanism by which EGR1 modulates keloid formation was not elaborated. In this research, the specific function and the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network of EGR1 in keloids was examined. Keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were transfected with EGR1-small interfering RNA (siEGR1), EGR1-overexpression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-EGR1), and microRNA (miR-183-5p)-mimics to regulate the expression of EGR1 and miR-183-5p. The study employed dual-luciferase reporter assays to explore the targeting regulation of miR-183-5p on EGR1. Additionally, Western blotting, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, and wound healing assays, and RNA sequencing were conducted. EGR1 was upregulated in KFs, and EGR1 silencing diminished proliferation, fibrosis, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of cells. In KFs, the expression of miR- 183-5p was reduced, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, it enhanced apoptosis. By targeting EGR1, miR-183-5p partially counteracted the impact of EGR1 on migration, invasion, and fibrosis in KFs. The findings imply that miR-183-5p suppresses keloid formation by targeting EGR1. As a result, EGR1 holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating keloids.

La cicatriz queloide es un tumor fibroproliferativo benigno único de la piel humana. Anteriormente, se informó que la respuesta de crecimiento temprano 1 (EGR1), un factor de transcripción, promueve la fibrosis queloide; sin embargo, no se explicó el mecanismo por el cual EGR1 modula la formación de queloides. En esta investigación, se examinó la función específica y la red reguladora de microARN (miARN) de EGR1 en queloides. Se transfectaron fibroblastos queloides (KF) con ARN de interferencia pequeño de EGR1 (siEGR1), plásmido de sobreexpresión de EGR1 (pcDNA3.1-EGR1) y miméticos de microARN (miR-183-5p) para regular la expresión de EGR1 y miR-183. -5p. El estudio empleó ensayos de indicador de luciferasa dual para explorar la regulación dirigida de miR-183-5p en EGR1. Además, se realizaron pruebas de transferencia Western, citometría de flujo, qRT-PCR, kit de recuento celular-8 (CCK-8), transwell y curación de heridas, y secuenciación de ARN. EGR1 estaba regulado positivamente en KF, y el silenciamiento de EGR1 disminuyó la proliferación, fibrosis, migración, invasión y apoptosis de las células. En KF, la expresión de miR- 183-5p se redujo, lo que llevó a la inhibición de la proliferación, migración e invasión celular. Por el contrario, mejoró la apoptosis. Al apuntar a EGR1, miR-183-5p contrarrestó parcialmente el impacto de EGR1 en la migración, invasión y fibrosis en KF. Los hallazgos implican que miR-183-5p suprime la formación de queloides al apuntar a EGR1. Como resultado, EGR1 es prometedor como objetivo terapéutico potencial para prevenir y tratar los queloides.

Tratamento de queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas: Uma revisão descritiva / Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: A descriptive review

Queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas são lesões formadas a partir da resposta fibroproliferativa anormal ao processo de cicatrização de feridas, gerando uma proliferação excessiva do colágeno nas lesões. Geralmente, predominam em pacientes do sexo feminino e em indivíduos com tons de pele mais escuros. A abordagem terapêutica dessas cicatrizes pode ser indicada de acordo com alguns critérios, como déficit funcional, tamanho e tempo de cicatrização da ferida. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão descritiva da literatura, buscando as evidências de tratamento dos últimos cinco anos neste tema. A revisão foi realizada com base no guideline PRISMA, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science e Grey Literature, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. Foram encontrados 740 artigos, dos quais 16 ensaios clínicos randomizados foram selecionados. Foi evidenciado que manejo do queloide apresenta abordagem multimodal, não havendo um padrão-ouro de tratamento, com taxa de recorrência baixa. Além disso, a terapia combinada de diferentes agentes pareceu ser superior ao uso isolado de métodos terapêuticos no tratamento dessas lesões.

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are lesions formed from the abnormal fibroproliferative response to the wound healing process, generating excessive collagen proliferation in the lesions. They generally predominate in female patients and individuals with darker skin tones. The therapeutic approach to these scars can be indicated according to criteria such as functional deficit, size, and wound healing time. In this sense, the present study aimed to conduct a descriptive review of the literature, seeking evidence of treatment over the last five years. The review was carried out based on the PRISMA guideline, using the databases PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Grey Literature between 2018 and 2022. Seven hundred forty articles were found, of which 16 randomized clinical trials were selected. It was demonstrated that keloid management presents a multimodal approach, with no gold standard of treatment with a low recurrence rate. Furthermore, combined therapy with different agents appeared superior to the isolated therapeutic methods in treating these injuries.

Postoperative radiotherapy with an electron beam on keloid scar: epidemiological evaluation in a teaching hospital / Radioterapia pós-operatória com feixe de elétrons sobre cicatriz queloideana: avaliação epidemiológica em hospital de ensino

Introduction: Keloids are one of the most aggressive spectrums of healing disorders. They have a unique pathophysiology and multiple specific genetic and cellular factors, which have not yet been fully elucidated. So far, literature reviews have found the influence of genetics, injury site, and ethnicity on the incidence and rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the need to associate an adjuvant method with surgical excision has already been verified, but the best therapy has yet to be defined. Method: A retrospective analysis of medical records was carried out to assess the profile of patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy with an electron beam to treat keloids at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu between 2015 and 2019. Results: Data from 131 patients were evaluated, with 269 keloid scars treated. The average duration of treatment was 51 days, and the number of sessions was 17. White patients were predominant (78%) and women (70%), with surgical incision being the main cause of formation (49%) and ear the most identified location (33%). Women were more likely to complete the proposed treatment (p=0.04), while non-literates completed less than those who had at least completed primary or secondary education (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Postoperative radiotherapy for keloid scars is a well-established treatment in the literature and an important tool for plastic surgeons. Knowing the profile of patients who need this therapy is essential to create methods that improve adherence and results.

Introdução: Os queloides correspondem a um dos espectros mais agressivos dos distúrbios da cicatrização. Possuem fisiopatologia ímpar e múltiplos fatores genéticos e celulares específicos, ainda não totalmente elucidados. Até o momento, revisões literárias encontraram influência da genética, local da lesão e etnia sobre a incidência e taxa de recorrência. Ademais, já foi constatada a necessidade de associação de um método adjuvante com a excisão cirúrgica, mas ainda sem definição da melhor terapia. Método: Realizada uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários para avaliação do perfil dos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia pós-operatória com feixe de elétrons para o tratamento de queloides no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, entre 2015 e 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados os dados de 131 pacientes, com um total de 269 cicatrizes queloideanas tratadas. A média da duração do tratamento foi de 51 dias e do número de sessões, de 17. Houve predominância de pacientes brancos (78%) e de mulheres (70%), sendo incisão cirúrgica a principal causa de formação (49%) e a orelha a localização mais identificada (33%). As mulheres tiveram mais chance de completar o tratamento proposto (p=0,04), enquanto os não alfabetizados completaram menos do que aqueles que tinham pelo menos ensino fundamental ou médio completo (p<0,0001). Conclusão: A radioterapia pós-operatória em cicatrizes queloideanas é um tratamento consagrado na literatura e uma importante ferramenta do cirurgião plástico. Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes que necessitam desta terapia é fundamental para criar métodos que melhorem a adesão e o resultado da mesma.

Tratamiento esclerosante en queloide de pabellón auricular: alternativa de tratamiento y presentación de casuística / Sclerosing treatment in keloid of the auricular pavilion: alternative treatment and casuistry presentation

Introducción y objetivo: El queloide es una patología del ser humano que afecta principalmente a la raza negra, es común en la población joven especialmente de sexo femenino y afecta al pabellón auricular de forma considerable; sin embargo, no es la región más afectada y presenta alta capacidad de recidiva, ocasionando graves secuelas estéticas y psicológicas. A pesar de que se han propuesto múltiples opciones terapéuticas no existe evidencia de un tratamiento que haya obtenido una eficacia superior al 80% y que conserve dicho resultado en el tiempo. Es por esto que presentamos un estudio que propone la relación entre la escleroterapia y el manejo del queloide del pabellón auricular como una estrategia ambulatoria, eficaz y novedosa en el tratamiento del queloide auricular. Material y método: Estudio tipo serie de casos en el centro de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Huila (Colombia) entre 2013 y 2019 sobre pacientes intervenidos por queloides mediante infiltración intralesional de esclerosante o terapia combinada (resección quirúrgica más infiltración con esclerosante). Evaluamos datos demográficos, clínicos, antecedentes de procedimientos anteriores frustrados, número de queloides y recurrencia. La información de las características de los pacientes y de los queloides tratados se introdujeron en el software Stata®. Resultados: Estudiamos 24 pacientes con un total de 34 queloides en oreja. En todos realizamos el procedimiento sin inconvenientes y con buena tolerancia. El 88% de los queloides no presentó recidiva tras 3 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, el tratamiento con terapia esclerosante es una alternativa de manejo con resultados favorables para los queloides de oreja que puede usarse como monoterapia o como terapia coadyuvante de la resección quirúrgica en pacientes que presentan o no historia de manejos médicos previos frustrados. (AU)

Background and objective: Keloid is a pathology of the human being which mainly affects the black race, it is common in the young population, especially the female sex, and it affects the auricle considerably; however, it is not the most affected region and it has a high capacity for recurrence, causing serious aesthetic and psychological sequelae. Even though multiple therapeutic options have been proposed, there is no evidence of a treatment that has obtained an efficacy greater than 80% and that maintains result over time. For this reason, we present a study that proposes the relationship between sclerotherapy and the management of keloids of the auricle as an effective and novel outpatient strategy in the treatment of auricular keloids. Methods: Case series study at the Plastic Surgery Center of the Neiva University Hospital, Huila (Colombia) between 2013 and 2019 on patients with auricular keloids treated by intralesional infiltration of sclerosant or combined therapy that consisted of surgical resection plus infiltration with sclerosant. We evaluated demographic and clinical data, history of previous frustrated procedures, number of keloids, and recurrence. The information on the characteristics of the patients and the keloids treated were entered into the Stata software®. Results: We studied 24 patients with a total of 34 auricular keloids. In all of them we performed the procedure without inconvenience and with good tolerance; 88% of the keloids did not present recurrence after 3 years of follow-up. Conclusions: In our experience, treatment with sclerosing therapy is a management alternative with favorable results for ear keloids, which can be used as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to surgical resection in patients with or without a history of previous frustrated medical management. (AU)

Calcinose em área de queimadura tardia: relato de caso e discussão da conduta / Calcinosis in an area of late burn: a case report and management discussion

Introdução: Calcinose cutânea é uma doença rara caracterizada por precipitações de cristais de cálcio no tecido cutâneo. Pode ser localizada ou generalizada, distrófica, metastática, iatrogênica ou idiopática. Relato do Caso: Paciente feminina, 66 anos, vítima de queimaduras de segundo e terceiro graus por fogo em abdome inferior e coxas aos 8 anos de idade atingindo 25% de superfície corpórea. Após 58 anos, recebeu o diagnóstico de calcinose distrófica na cicatriz da queimadura, contemplado através de biópsia e análise histopatológica. Submetida a exérese cirúrgica associada a rotação de retalho dermogorduroso de abdome superior e enxertia de pele total para correção de cicatrizes. Conclusão: Embora a melhor escolha terapêutica ainda não seja clara, o tratamento de complicações que podem culminar em incapacidade funcional é fundamental para reduzir a morbidade e aumentar a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: Cutaneous calcinosis is a rare disease characterized by the precipitation of calcium crystals in the skin tissue. It can be localized, generalized, dystrophic, metastatic, iatrogenic, or idiopathic. Case Report: Female patient, 66 years old, victim of second and third-degree burns by fire in the lower abdomen and thighs at 8 years old, reaching 25% of the body surface. After 58 years, she was diagnosed with dystrophic calcinosis in the burn scar, which was confirmed through biopsy and histopathological analysis. She underwent surgical excision associated with rotation of the upper abdomen dermal-fat flap and total skin graft for scar correction. Conclusion: Although the best therapeutic choice is still unclear, treating complications leading to functional disability is essential to reduce morbidity and increase the patient's quality of life.

Experiencia inicial del tratamiento braquiterápicoen coadyuvancia a la resección quirúrgica decicatrices queloideas en población pediátrica / Initial experience with brachytherapy treatment adjuvant to surgical resection of keloid scars in the pediatric population

Objetivos: El tratamiento de las cicatrices queloideas se basa enmúltiples líneas terapéuticas, con diferentes niveles de eficacia (1) , sinexistir actualmente un tratamiento que garantice su curación y prevengasu recurrencia. En la población pediátrica los tratamientos empleados noestán estandarizados y no hay evidencia suficiente que avale su eficaciay sus complicaciones. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar lospacientes que han precisado braquiterapia coadyuvante a la resecciónquirúrgica en cicatrices queloideas recidivantes.Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de los pacientesdiagnosticados en nuestro centro de cicatriz queloidea, en los quese realizó braquiterapia coadyuvante, valorando su eficacia y suimplementación en nuestro protocolo de tratamiento de la cicatrizqueloidea. Resultados: Se estudiaron 4 pacientes entre 9-17 años con cicatricesqueloideas a nivel auricular, recidivantes a varias líneas terapéuticas,que fueron candidatos para el uso de braquiterapia coadyuvante, admi-nistrada posterior a la resección quirúrgica, en dos sesiones, se realizóseguimiento hasta 18-21 meses.Conclusiones: A pesar de nuestra limitada experiencia en el usode la braquiterapia coadyuvante, los resultados obtenidos hasta la fechaavalan su eficacia, de acuerdo con lo publicado en la literatura. Conside-ramos adecuada su inclusión en el tratamiento de cicatrices queloideasrecidivantes a otros tratamientos.(AU)

Objectives: The treatment of keloid scars is based on multiple linesof therapy, with varying levels of efficacy (1) , and there is currently nosingle treatment that guarantees cure and prevents recurrence. In thepediatric population, the treatments used are not standardized, and thereis insufficient evidence to support efficacy and complications. The objective of this study was to analyze the patients who required brachytherapyas an adjuvant to surgical resection in recurrent keloid scars.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with keloids and undergoing adjuvant brachytherapy in ourinstitution was carried out, while assessing efficacy and implementationin our treatment protocol for keloid scarring.Results: After various therapeutic lines, 4 patients aged 9-17 yearsold with recurrent keloid scars around the ear and eligible for adjuvantbrachytherapy – administered after surgical resection, in two sessions– were studied and followed up for up to 18-21 months.Conclusions: Despite our limited experience in the use of adjuvant brachytherapy, the results obtained to date support its efficacy,as reported in the literature. We therefore consider its inclusion in thetreatment of keloid scars that have recurred after other treatments tobe appropriate.(AU)

A.S.A.P. - O primeiro algoritmo para tratar queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas / A.S.A.P. - The first algorithm to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars

Queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas são muito prevalentes, mas seu tratamento ainda é desafiador. Vários tratamentos se mostraram benéficos, mas ainda não há um protocolo ou algoritmo para abordar cicatrizes, que siga um passo-a-passo organizado e que justifique o uso de cada tipo de tratamento em uma fase da cicatriz. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma proposta de algoritmo para tratar cicatrizes, usado em nosso serviço por alguns anos. Ele ajuda a organizar as diversas terapias empregadas no tratamento de cicatrizes. Combinadas, estas sequências de tratamentos levam a uma melhora progressiva em queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas.

Keloids (K) and hypertrophic scars (HS) are highly prevalent, but their treatment is still challenging. Several treatments are beneficial to treat K/HS, but there is still no protocol or algorithm to address scars following an organized step-by-step and justifying each type of treatment in the scar phases. This study aims to present an algorithm to treat keloids/scars. It has been used for several years in our clinic and helps organize several therapies to treat scars. Combined, these sequences of treatments lead to progressive improvement in K and HS.

Alternativas para o tratamento de cicatrizes queloidianas: uma revisão integrativa / Alternatives for keloid scars treatment: an integrative review

As cicatrizes queloidianas afetam diversas populações, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Vários tratamentos são apresentados na literatura. O presente estudo visou a realização de uma revisão integrativa dos artigos de revisões sistemáticas e/ou metanálises que abordam o seu tratamento nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE e Cochrane no período de 2015 a 2021. Após a identificação, e seguindo os critérios de seleção e elegibilidade, foram incluídos 24 artigos para revisão qualitativa. Observamos que as diferentes modalidades de tratamento empregadas para os queloides são afetadas pela dificuldade de avaliar recorrência, ainda mantendo muitas taxas de insucesso e necessidade de novos estudos.

Keloid scars affect different populations, compromising patients' quality of life. The literature presents several treatments. The study aimed to conduct an integrative review of systematic review articles and/or meta-analyses addressing keloid treatment in the PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases from 2015 to 2021. After identification and following the selection and eligibility criteria, 24 articles were included for qualitative review. We observed that the difficulty in evaluating recurrence affected different keloids treatment modalities, still presenting many failure rates and the need for further studies.

Algoritmos para manejo de cicatrizes: a importância da sistematização de condutas / Algorithms for the management of scars: the importance of systematizing behaviors

■ RESUMO Introdução: As cicatrizes patológicas ocorrem a partir de hiperproliferaçãoo de fibroblastos, podendo ser classificadas em cicatrizes hipertróficas e queloides, basicamente as cicatrizes hipertróficas não crescem além dos limites da ferida original, enquanto os queloides crescem horizontalmente de forma nodular. Apesar da diversidade de instrumentos utilizados para orientar a prevenção, tratamento e seguimento de cicatrizes patológicas, existe a necessidade de instrumentos que contemplem realidades locais. O objetivo é realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre algoritmos para manejo de cicatrizes e criar um algoritmo atualizado. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de revisão narrativa de literatura, sendo realizado uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE e Cochrane, no período de novembro de 2010 até novembro de 2020, publicados nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Os descritores utilizados foram: "cicatrix", "keloid", "algorithms" e "wound healing". A seleção da amostra consistiu da identificação dos artigos, leitura dos títulos e resumos e seleção de estudos relacionados ao tema e, posteriormente, foi realizada a leitura na íntegra dos estudos selecionados e classificação segundo os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: Foram encontrados 209 artigos sendo eliminados 116 devido duplicidade resultando em 45 artigos. Foram identificados um total de 8 artigos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e após análise e reunião de consenso foram excluídos quatro artigos devido à ausência de algoritmos com rigor científico sendo este estudo composto de quatro artigos. Conclusão: Foram encontrados quatro algoritmos na revisão de literatura que resultaram na elaboração de um algoritmo atualizado para cicatrizes.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Pathological scars occur from the hyperproliferation of fibroblasts and can be classified into hypertrophic scars and keloids. Basically, hypertrophic scars do not grow beyond the limits of the original wound, while keloids grow horizontally in a nodular form. Despite the diversity of instruments used to guide the prevention, treatment and follow-up of pathological scars, there is a need for instruments that address local realities. The objective is to carry out a narrative review of the literature on scar management algorithms and create an updated algorithm. Methods: Descriptive study of narrative literature review, with a search in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases, from November 2010 to November 2020, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The descriptors used were: "cicatrix," "keloid," "algorithms," and "wound healing." The sample selection consisted of identifying the articles, reading the titles and abstracts, and selecting studies related to the topic. Subsequently, the full reading of the selected studies and classification according to the eligibility criteria were carried out. Results: 209 articles were found, and 116 were eliminated due to duplicity, resulting in 45 articles. A total of 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Four articles were excluded after analysis and consensus meeting due to the absence of algorithms with scientific rigor; this study is composed of four articles. Conclusion: Four algorithms were found in the literature review that resulted in the development of an updated algorithm for scars.

Topical versus interlesional mitomycin C in auricular keloids.

BACKGROUND: The Keloid is an elevated fibrous scar that may extend beyond the borders of the original wound. OBJECT: To compare between topical and intralesional mitomycin C in the treatment of auricular keloids. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective randomized study in which 40 patients with auricular keloids were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group I included 32 patients who underwent topical mitomycin C application after the surgical removal of the auricular keloids, while Group II included 8 cases who underwent intra-lesional injection of mitomycin C after surgical removal of the auricular keloids. RESULTS: The two groups showed no significant difference regarding patient or lesion criteria (p>.05). VSS decreased significantly from 10.63 and 11.0 down to 1.38 and 3.0 after treatment in the topical and intra-lesional groups respectively (p<.001). However, greater improvement and satisfaction was detected in the topical group. CONCLUSION: Both topical and intra-lesional mitomycin C injection are effective methods in managing auricular keloids. However, better VSS scores and patient satisfaction are reported with topical administration.

Topical versus interlesional mitomycin C in auricular keloids

Background: The Keloid is an elevated fibrous scar that may extend beyond the borders of the original wound.ObjectTo compare between topical and intralesional mitomycin C in the treatment of auricular keloids.Patients and methodsProspective randomized study in which 40 patients with auricular keloids were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups, Group I included 32 patients who underwent topical mitomycin C application after the surgical removal of the auricular keloids, while Group II included 8 cases who underwent intra-lesional injection of mitomycin C after surgical removal of the auricular keloids.ResultsThe two groups showed no significant difference regarding patient or lesion criteria (p>.05). VSS decreased significantly from 10.63 and 11.0 down to 1.38 and 3.0 after treatment in the topical and intra-lesional groups respectively (p<.001). However, greater improvement and satisfaction was detected in the topical group.ConclusionBoth topical and intra-lesional mitomycin C injection are effective methods in managing auricular keloids. However, better VSS scores and patient satisfaction are reported with topical administration. (AU)

Antecedentes: El queloide es una cicatriz fibrosa elevada que puede extenderse más allá de los límites de la herida original.Objetivo Comparar mitomicina C tópica frente a intralesional en el tratamiento de los queloides auriculares.Pacientes y métodosEstudio prospectivo aleatorio en el que se incluyó a 40 pacientes con queloides auriculares, que se dividieron en 2 grupos: el Grupo I incluyó 32 pacientes a quienes se aplicó mitomicina C tópica tras la resección quirúrgica de los queloides, y el Grupo II que incluyó 8 casos, a quienes se inyectó mitomicina C dentro de la lesión, tras la resección quirúrgica de los queloides auriculares.ResultadosLos 2 grupos no reflejaron diferencia significativa en cuanto a criterios de pacientes o lesión (p>0,05). La escala de Vancouver (VSS) disminuyó significativamente de 10,63 y 11 a 1,38 y 3 tras el tratamiento en los grupos de aplicación tópica e intra-lesional, respectivamente (p<0,001). Sin embargo, se detectaron una mejora y satisfacción más altas en el grupo de aplicación tópica.ConclusiónLas aplicaciones tópica e inyectada de mitomicina C son métodos efectivos para el tratamiento de queloides auriculares. Sin embargo, se reportaron mejores puntuaciones VSS y de satisfacción del paciente con la administración tópica. (AU)

Toxina botulinica tipo a en el tratamiento del queloide / Botulinic toxin type a in the treatment of keloid

Introducción y objetivo: El proceso de cicatrización, cuando se ve perturbado o interrumpido, puede conllevar una reparación cutánea descontrolada como la observada en los queloides. Son reconocidos como tumores fibroproliferativos únicos en humanos, lesiones difíciles de tratar debido a que la mayoría de los enfoques terapéuticos siguen siendo clínicamente insatisfactorios. Sin embargo, estudios recientes sugieren que la toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) influye en la apoptosis y proliferación celular, razón por lo cual nos planteamos demostrar si la TBA intralesional produce mejoría no solo clínica, sino también histológica en el queloide.Material y método.Seleccionamos 11 queloides y realizamos biopsias de los mismos, además de medición previa y en 3 controles posteriores a la aplicaciónn de TBA. Hacemos descripción histopatológica de los cambios observados a los 3 meses mediante el Sofware Image Pro Plus, versión 5.0 (Olympus®) y tinciones con hematoxilina-eosina (H/E) y tricrómico de Masson. Aplicamos tratamiento estadístico mediante análisis de las características demográficas y clínicas. A las variables nominales se le determinaron frecuencia y porcentajes, por lo que elaboramos tablas descriptivas. Con las variables cuantitativas trabajamos con medidas de tendencia central (media). Para la comparación y el análisis de las variables utilizamos medidas de tendencia central (media), coeficiente de relación de Pearson y desviación estándar. (AU)

Background and objective: When the healing process is disturbed or interrupted, uncontrolled skin repair can occur, such as that observed in keloid. These are recognized as unique fibroproliferative tumors in humans, always representing difficult-to-treat lesions because most therapeutic approaches remain clinically unsatisfactory. However, recent studies have suggested that botulinum toxin type A (BTA) influences apoptosis and cell proliferation. This is why we set out to demonstrate whether intralesional BTA produces improvement not only clinically but also histologically in the keloid.Methods.Eleven keloids were selected and biopsies were performed as well as previous measurements and 3 controls after the application of BTA. Histopathological description of the changes observed 3 months after therapy using the Software Image Pro Plus, version 5.0 (Olympus®) and stains with hematoxylin-eosin (H/E) and Masson's trichomic. Statistical treatment was applied through analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics.The frequency and percentages were determined for the nominal variables, so descriptive tables were made. With the quantitative variables we worked with measures of central tendency (average). For the comparison and analysis of the variables, measures of central tendency (mean), coefficient of Pearson relation and standard deviation were used. (AU)

Comparison of primary keloid fibroblast cultivation methods and the characteristics of fibroblasts cultured from keloids, keloid-surrounding tissues, and normal skin tissues / Comparación de los métodos de cultivo de fibroblastos queloides primarios y las características de los fibroblastos cultivados a partir de queloides, tejidos circundantes queloides y tejidos cutáneos normales

SUMMARY: The establishment of primary keloid fibroblast culture has always been a fundamental measure for studying mechanisms of keloid disease. The quality of the primary cell culture can directly affect the results of further experiments. This study was performed to investigate the optimal growth conditions, including the optimal storage time and collagenase treatment time, for in vitro cell culture models and the suitable methods for epidermis-dermis separation in different tissues. Keloid tissues, keloid-surrounding tissues, and normal skin tissues were collected from patients, for primary fibroblast culture. Two methods, tissue explant and collagenase digestion, were deployed and compared. Expression levels of the keloid-related genes α -SMA, Col1, and Col3 were assessed in cells cultured using both methods, to verify the qualities of the primary cells. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two methods and among the three different tissues used. Bacterial and lipid contamination was immediately minimized after the samples were processed. Different methods of epidermis removal and different durations of collagenase digestion were required in different tissues to generate optimal results. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of keloid-related genes in cultured fibroblasts correlated to their in vivo expression profile, as previously reported in other studies. The results of this study have revealed several key points in the culture of primary keloid fibroblasts and demonstrated the correlation in gene expression between in vivo keloid fibroblasts and in vitro primary keloid fibroblasts.

RESUMEN: La identificación de un cultivo de fibroblastos queloides primarios, siempre ha sido una medida fundamental para estudiar los mecanismos de la enfermedad queloide. La calidad del cultivo de células primarias puede afectar directamente los resultados de otros experimentos. Este estudio se realizó para investigar las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento, incluido el tiempo óptimo de almacenamiento y el tiempo de tratamiento con colagenasa, para modelos de cultivo celular in vitro y los métodos adecuados para la separación epidermis-dermis en diferentes tejidos. Se recogieron de los pacientes tejidos queloides, tejidos circundantes queloides y tejidos cutáneos normales, para cultivo primario de fibroblastos. Se implementaron y compararon dos métodos, explante de tejido y digestión con colagenasa. Los niveles de expresión de los genes relacionados con queloides α -SMA, Col1 y Col3 se evaluaron en células cultivadas usando ambos métodos, para verificar las cualidades de las células primarias. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre los dos métodos y entre los tres tejidos diferentes utilizados. La contaminación de bacterias y lípidos se minimizó inmediatamente después de que se procesaron las muestras. Se requirieron varios métodos de eliminación de la epidermis y diferentes tiempos de digestión con colagenasa en los tejidos para generar resultados óptimos. Los resultados de la PCR en tiempo real mostraron que los niveles de expresión de ARNm de genes relacionados con queloides en fibroblastos cultivados se correlacionaban con su perfil de expresión in vivo, como se informó en estudios anteriores. Los resultados de este studio indicaron varios puntos clave en el cultivo de fibroblastos queloides primarios y han demostrado la correlación en la expresión génica entre fibroblastos queloides in vivo y fibroblastos queloides primarios in vitro.

Distúrbios fibroproliferativos: relato e discussão da conduta em queloide / Fibroproliferative disorders: report and discussion on keloid management

Os distúrbios fibroproliferativos expressam-se pelas cicatrizes hipertróficas e pelos queloides, sendo estes últimos mais agressivos e derivados de um processo anormal da cicatrização. São multifatoriais relacionando-se com agentes físicos, químicos, biológicos e endógenos. Apresentam predisposição genética, com incidência maior em orientais e negros. As modalidades terapêuticas compreendem, na maioria das vezes: compressão do queloide, criocirurgia, aplicação de placas de silicone, exérese operatória isolada ou seguida de radioterapia, aplicação de laser e injeção intralesional de corticoesteroides. O objetivo do estudo é relatar um caso de distúrbio fibroproliferativo do tipo queloide de grandes dimensões com alta resposta terapêutica e discutir suas etiologias e diversas modalidades terapêuticas.

Fibroproliferative disorders are expressed in hypertrophic scars and keloids, the latter being more aggressive and derived from an abnormal healing process. They are multifactorial and relate to physical, chemical, biological, and endogenous agents. They have a genetic predisposition, with a higher incidence in Asian and black people. The therapeutic modalities comprise most of the times: compression of the keloid, cryosurgery, application of silicone plates, surgical excision isolated or followed by radiotherapy, laser application, and intralesional injection of corticosteroids. The study aims to report a considerable keloidtype fibroproliferative disorder with a high therapeutic response and discuss its etiologies and various therapeutic modalities.

Recidiva de cicatriz queloide en pacientes tratados con resección quirúrgica más radioterapia / Keloid scar recurrence in patients treated with surgical resection plus radiotherapy

INTRODUCCIÓN. El proceso de cicatrización puede derivar en anomalías, que afectan el aspecto estético y funcional de la zona afectada; la combinación de tratamientos ha permi-tido resultados favorables. OBJETIVOS. Describir los factores que se dan en las recidivas de cicatriz queloide en pacientes tratados con resección quirúrgica más radioterapia. MA-TERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Población de 2 960 Historias Clínicas, se tomó muestra de 100. Criterios de inclusión: diagnóstico de cicatriz queloide, edad de 12 a 75 años, combinación de tratamiento quirúrgico y radiotera-pia. Criterios de exclusión: edades fuera del rango, tratamiento diferente, en la Unidad de Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín durante el período enero 2013 a diciembre 2019. Los datos fueron tomados del sistema AS400, el análisis se realizó en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 22. RESULTADOS. La localización frecuente fue en el pabellón auricular con 83% (83; 100), de estos el 57% (57; 100) fueron poste-rior a perforación; la recidiva se presentó en el 24% (24; 100) y la principal complicación en los pacientes fue Radiodermitis. DISCUSIÓN. La evidencia científica guardó relación con el estudio referente a técnica, sexo, localización del queloide, causa y complicación. CONCLUSIÓN. Se pudo describir los factores que se dieron en las recidivas de cicatriz queloide en pacientes tratados con resección quirúrgica más radioterapia.

INTRODUCTION. The healing process can lead to anomalies, which affect the aesthe-tic and functional appearance of the affected area; the combination of treatments have allowed favorable results. OBJECTIVES. Describe the factors that occur in keloid scar recurrences in patients treated with surgical resection plus radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Population of 2 960 Clini-cal Histories, a sample of 100 was taken. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of keloid scar, age 12 to 75 years, combination of surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Exclusion criteria: ages outside the range, different treatment, in the Plastic and Reconstructive Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital during the period January 2013 to December 2019. The data were taken from the AS400 system, the analysis was carried out in the program Sta-tistical International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, ver-sion 22. RESULTS. The frequent location was in the auricle with 83% (83; 100), of these 57% (57; 100) were after perforation; recurrence occurred in 24% (24; 100) and the main complication in patients was Radiodermatitis. DISCUSSION. The scientific evidence was related to the study referring to technique, sex, location of the keloid, cause and compli-cation. CONCLUSION. It was possible to describe the factors that occurred in keloid scar recurrences in patients treated with surgical resection plus radiotherapy.

Cicatriz queloide gigante / Giant keloid scar

Introducción: La cicatriz queloide forma parte de las cicatrices patológicas por exceso; es una afección que se caracteriza por el depósito excesivo de colágeno en la dermis y tejido celular subcutáneo. El proceso por el cual se desarrolla no es del todo conocido, es más frecuente en la raza negra y afecta en igual proporción a hombres que mujeres. Objetivo: Informar a la comunidad médica sobre experiencia en el manejo y tratamiento con dos pacientes portadores de lesiones queloides de gran tamaño. Caso clínico: Se presentan dos pacientes con cicatriz queloide gigante a partir de ambos lóbulos auriculares y cuello anterior; se expone la conducta terapéutica basada en la combinación de tres modalidades de tratamiento: cirugía; infiltración con acetónido de triamcinolona, 1 ml (40 mg) desde el día del acto quirúrgico, se repitió cada 15 días; junto a presoterapia con crema esteroidea. Conclusiones: Aunque no existe un tratamiento ideal, se debe tener en cuenta al tratar esta enfermedad si se está ante una lesión recidivante, el tiempo de aparición de la tumoración, sus características clínicas; de seleccionarse el tratamiento quirúrgico como opción terapéutica, debe acompañarse de otras modalidades de tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: The keloid scar is part of the pathological scars by excess, is a condition characterized by the excessive deposit of collagen in the dermis and subcutaneous cell tissue, the process by which it develops is not entirely known, it is more frequent in the black race, affects in equal proportion men than women. Objective: To inform the medical community of the experience in handling and treating two patients with large keloid lesions. Clinical case: Two patients with giant keloid scars are presented from both earlobes and anterior neck where therapeutic behavior based on the combination of three treatment modalities is exposed: surgery, triamcinolone acetonide 1 ml (40mg) infiltration beginning on the first day after surgery, repeated every 15 days and pressotherapy with steroid cream. Conclusions: Although there is no ideal treatment, it should be taken into account when treating this disease if we are facing a recurrent injury, the time of onset of the tumor, its clinical characteristics, surgical treatment should be selected as a therapeutic option, accompanied by other forms of treatment(AU)

Extenso queloide vulvar pós-tratamentos para condilomas genitais: relato de caso / Extensive Vulvar Keloid Post Multiple Treatments for Genital Condylomas: Case Report

A infecção genital pelo papilomavírus humano ocorre em 65% das vezes após contato com pele e mucosa contaminadas. A maioria das pessoas elimina o vírus através do sistema imune. Fatores individuais, como tabagismo, idade, multiparidade, uso prolongado de contraceptivos hormonais, comportamento sexual e infecção por outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, ocasionam perpetuação viral e lesões genitais, em sua maior parte, assintomáticas. As regiões mais afetadas são anogenitais. O tratamento deve ser individualizado. O tratamento agressivo pode ocasionar distúrbios cicatriciais. Relatamos um caso de múltiplos tratamentos para retirada de condiloma genital com consequente formação de extenso queloide vulvar

Genital infection by Human Papillomavirus occurs 65% of the time after contact with contaminated skin and mucosa. Most people eliminate the virus through the immune system. Individual factors such as smoking, age, multiparity, prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives, sexual behavior, and infection by other Sexually Transmitted Diseases cause viral perpetuation and genital lesions, most of them asymptomatic. The most affected regions are anogenital. Treatment should be individualized. Excessive treatment can lead to scarring. We report a case of multiple treatments for removal of genital condyloma with consequent formation of extensive vulvar keloid

O tratamento das cicatrizes de esternotomia mediana com injeções de triancinolona, placas de silicone e terapia combinada: um estudo prospectivo randomizado / Treatment of median sternotomy scars using Triamcinolone injections, Silicone Dressings and a combination group: a prospective randomized comparative study

Introdução: Placas de silicone e injeções de triancinolona melhoram o tamanho dos queloides e das cicatrizes hipertróficas, além do eritema, da elasticidade e de sintomas como dor e prurido. Esses tratamentos não são invasivos, têm um bom custo-beneficio e são amplamente utilizados como terapia inicial para queloides e cicatrizes hipertróficas; entretanto, faltam estudos comparativos dos dois tratamentos. Objetivo: Comparar o uso de placas de silicone, triancinolona intralesional, e a combinação de ambas as modalidades terapêuticas, no tratamento de cicatrizes hipertróficas na mesma área anatômica e causadas pelo mesmo mecanismo de lesão. Métodos e Materiais: Em um estudo prospectivo, 12 pacientes com cicatrizes de esternotomia mediana foram randomizados em 3 grupos (4 pacientes em cada grupo): Grupo 1. injeções mensais de triancinolona; Grupo 2. uma combinação de placas de silicone e injeções de triancinolona e Grupo 3. placas de silicone. Os pacientes foram avaliados em consultas clínicas mensais com o uso da Escala de Vancouver e durômetro. Foram realizadas imunohistoquímica e microscopia confocal para os colágenos de tipos I e VI em amostras de cicatriz. Os grupos foram comparados com os testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Friedman com significância de p< 0.05. Resultados: Os três tratamentos mostraram-se eficazes na melhora das cicatrizes, conforme demonstrado pela redução nos parâmetros da Escala de Vancouver. Foi observada uma diferença entre os três grupos no tempo 2, quando a triancinolona mostrou-se menos eficaz. O grupo 2 apresentou melhora na pigmentação (p = 0,042). Os colágenos de tipos I e VI apresentaram aumento de fluorescência em toda a derme superficial e profunda nas lesões não-tratadas, que diminuiu após do tratamento. Apesar do número pequeno de pacientes, este foi o primeiro estudo prospectivo que comparou estas modalidades de tratamento de cicatrizes, evitando vieses frequentemente vistos em publicações sobre tratamentos de cicatrizes

Introduction: Silicone dressings and Triamcinolone injections are known to improve keloids and hypertrophic scars size, erythema, flexibility, and symptoms such as pain and itching. These treatments are non-invasive, inexpensive, and widely used as first or second-line therapy; however, studies comparing them are still lacking. Objective: To compare silicone dressings, triamcinolone injections, and a combination group, to treat hypertrophic scars, at the same anatomical area, caused by the same mechanism of injury. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, 12 patients with median-sternotomy scars were randomized into 3 groups (n=4 patients each): group 1, monthly triamcinolone injections; group 2, a combination of silicone dressings and triamcinolone injections; and group 3, silicone dressings. Patients were evaluated in monthly clinical appointments using the Vancouver Scale and the durometer. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy for collagen types I and VI were performed in scar samples. The groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests, with p<0,05 indicating significance. Results: The three treatments were effective in reducing the Vancouver scores. A difference between the three groups was observed at time 2 when triamcinolone was less effective. Group 2 showed an improvement on pigmentation (p = 0,042). Collagens types I and VI presented increased fluorescence throughout the superficial and deep dermis in untreated lesions, which decreased after the treatment. Although the number of patients is limited, this is the first prospective study addressing some of the major bias in scars treatment

Radioterapia com feixe de elétrons adjuvante à cirurgia de queloide gigante recalcitrante na orelha / Electron beam radiotherapy adjuvant to recalcitrant giant keloid surgery in the ear

O tratamento isolado do queloide apresenta resultado variável e, muitas vezes, insatisfatório. A combinação de terapêuticas tem se mostrado uma alternativa eficaz, principalmente para os casos recalcitrantes. A excisão cirúrgica e a irradiação no pós-operatório imediato com feixe de elétrons é uma alternativa efetiva na cicatrização e redução da taxa de recidiva dessas lesões. Os autores descrevem um paciente que apresentava queloide volumoso recalcitrante que obteve bom resultado terapêutico.

Isolated keloid treatment has variable and often unsatisfactory results. The combination of therapies has proven to be an effective alternative mainly for recalcitrant cases. Surgical excision and immediate postoperative electron beam irradiation is an effective alternative in healing and reducing the recurrence rate of these lesions. The authors describe a patient with recalcitrant bulky keloid who had a good therapeutic outcome.